Questions of Banking of Canada, USA, UK, France Assignment

Questions of Banking of Canada, USA, UK, France - Assignment Example Nations’ GDPs are still below their pre-crisis peak in many rich countries, particularly in Europe, where the financial crisis has progressed into the euro crisis (Cummings, 2013; Grant & Wilson, (2012). The impacts of the crash are still heaving through the global economy (Cummings, 2013). After the 2008 financial crisis, some countries began modifying their financial and monetary policies to protect the interests of their countries and their economies (Franken, 2010). This essay examines the actions of France, UK, USA and Canada following the financial crisis (Cornett et al., 2011). The U.S was worst hit by the financial crunch. Market participants, investors and consumers were hastily losing trust in the America’s financial system stability (Cummings, 2013). Confronted with this reality, the U.S. federal government acted with powerful force and speed to stem the country’s panic. The first series and sequence of actions, including large guarantees of bank accounts, cash market funds and liquidity by the Federal Reserve, were less (Hall, 2009; Reyes, 2013). Realizing that extra tools were required to address a swiftly deteriorating situation, the Bush Administration recommended a law that created the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) (Cummings, 2013). The Congress passed that measure with bipartisan support; President Bush signed it to law on October 3, 2008 (Federal Reserve, 2009). The Bush Administration implemented some of the programs under TARP (Cornett et al., 2011). The Obama Administration carried on with the programs and added others (Dorsey, T. W., Asmundson, Khachatryan, Dorsey, Niculcea, Saito & IMF, 2011). Under TARP’s authority, the administration ensures to keep credit flowing to businesses and consumers. Additionally, the administration helps straining homeowners avoid foreclosure, and inhibits the collapse of the American automobile industry,

Accounting Principles and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting Principles and Ethics - Essay Example (p. 186) As always, it is important to consider three major perspectives: the client or the company, the profession as an accountant, and the society when doing a financial statement. In preparing a financial report, it is simply not enough for accountants to just follow some rules. Following the general guidelines in accounting is one way to achieve a correct accounting structure or format. However, it is never enough to just follow the accounting rules and principles. It is equally important for the practitioner to practice good ethics by making a good judgment in supporting or auditing a financial report. It has been argued that it is always easy to make an altered financial statement look good by merely following the general rules in accounting principles without applying the necessary ethical consideration. It is possible for some management to use accounting expertise in hiding some corporate financial problems by simply changing the figures in the report or using some inter-company strategy in order to make sales appear promising. (Fager, 2002) In doing so, the accountant clearly violates the US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as well as it misleads a lot of prospective investors by making the financial statement appears good. When the accountant interpret the figures in making a financial report, the practitioner should be reasonable enough to judge or view things accurately. (p. 247) For example, it is important for the accountant to have a very good character such as avoid greediness which may result to being a victim of bribery. (p. 28) In order to avoid greed, accountants need to be satisfied with the amount of income he / she is earning. In case the practitioner desires more than his / her usual earning, it is easier for big business owners to become an easy target of bribery. When we talk about virtues, we are simply referring to a personal trait that enables a person to carry out a sensitive task well. Accounting is a

Explanation of Human Resource Planning in the workplace

Explanation of Human Resource Planning in the workplace These reasons have made Human Resource Planning to become a major objective in organizations. The process of Human Resource Planning include analysis of level of skill in the organization (skill inventory) analysis of current and expected vacancies due to retirement, discharges, transfers, prootions; sick leaves, leaves of absence or other reasons and analysis of current and expected expansions as pointed out by This also indicates that plan has to be made internally by the Human Resources for training and development of present employee, for advertising job opening recruiting and hiring new people. A good Human Resource Planning must respond appropriately to the rapid changing in the society and must go beyond forecasting to all aspect of Personnel Management. Human resource or manpower planning is of great important in the general development and growth of organizations. Thus personnel and Human resources experts, managers and practitioners have now made it known to management that adequate attention be given to it with a view to ensuring better use of other resources especially capital. Organisations have also realized that with increasing competition and complexity in business, more time should be devoted to effective human resources planning to achieve desired goals. Furthermore organisations have known that not only is the overall cost of human resources high , that human element is complex, unpredictable and sometimes difficult to develop or change unlike capital that is relatively easier to acquire, manager or control. Definition Human Resources Planning is defined as the process of assessing an organizations human resources needs in the light of organizational goals and changing condition and making plans to ensure that a competent, stable workforce is employed. The actual planning process will vary a great deal from organization to organization According to Walker, effective human resources planning is a process of analyzing an organization human resources needs under changing condition and development of the activities necessary to satisfy those needs. Walker sees human resources planning as two step processes, planning as they pertain to all aspects of personnel management. This will include for example planning with respect to desired organizational climate and development of staff reward and appraisal system appropriate to short range and long range organizational goals. This implies that help must be proactive and as well as reactive. Pattern states that Human Resource Planning is the process by which a firm ensures that it has the right number of people and the right kind of people in the right place at the right time doing things for which they economically most useful. Fayana (2002) emphasized that human resource planning deals with the systematic and continuing process of analyzing a firms human resources needs under mutating conditions and developing workforce policies suitable to the long-term effectiveness of the organization. It is a vital part of corporate planning and budgeting procedure since human resources costs and forecasting both effect and are affected by long-term corporate plans. Characteristics : Dynamic Activity : Manpower planning is a continuous or never ending process because the demand and supply of manpower are subjectto frequent change. It is dynamic activity. Development of Policies : It resultsin the development of policies, programmes and procedures for the acquisition, development, preservation and utilization of the organizations human assets. Inventory of Human : It includes the inventory of present human in the organization. The manager should know the persons, who will be available to him, for undertaking higher responsibilities in the near future. Objectives : Human resources in object should be most important aspect for the orabisation. Without object organization or company do not run and do not achieve target, market or goal. Objectives : Economic Development : At the national level, manpower planning is essential for economic development. It is particularly helpful in the generation of employment in educational reforms and in geographical mobility of talent. Helps fill the gap : Manpower planning identifies the gaps in existing manpower so that suitable training programmes may be developed for building specific skills, required in future. Promoting New Employees : The database available provides a comprehensive skill repertoire, which facilties for decision making as to the promotional opportunities to be made available for the organization. Forcasting on future : Human requirement must be important an effective for any organization of department. Without human resource organization do not run and other factor are useless. Focus of Human Resource Planning According to Bramham, Torrington and Hall, the process of matching future organizational requirement with the supply of properly qualified, committed and experience staff in the right place at the right time. These staff can be drawn from both the internal and external labour market This requires a focus on the following: An assessment of future product market trends and requirement. A specification of the type and numbers of staff required to satisfy these product market trends and requirement. An estimate of the type and number of staff likely to be employed by the organization in five years. A specification of the number/type of staff to be recruited or made redundant. A development plan for restraining and re-focusing existing staff and, if appropriate, for recruiting additional staff from the external analysis. A re-examination of broader business strategies in the light of this analysis. Need of Manpower Planning Manpower Planning is a two-phased process because manpower planning not only analyses the current human resources but also makes manpower forecasts and thereby draw employment programmes. Manpower Planning is advantageous to firm in following manner: Shortages and surpluses can be identified so that quick action can be taken wherever required. All the recruitment and selection programmes are based on manpower planning. It also helps to reduce the labour cost as excess staff can be identified and thereby overstaffing can be avoided. It also helps to identify the available talents in a concern and accordingly training programmes can be chalked out to develop those talents. It helps in growth and diversification of business. Through manpower planning, human resources can be readily available and they can be utilized in best manner. It helps the organization to realize the importance of manpower management which ultimately helps in the stability of a concern. Human Resources Planning Process The stating point of human resource planning process (HRPP) is the determination of corporate or organizational goals. This will now help us to have a clear vision of the future aspiration of the organization and plan towards the realization of its objects. Identify the direction the organistion wants to take to achieve those goals e.g through the introduction of new technology, a new project of by diversification. This will then be translated into human elements needed for the actualization of the set objectives. Take inventory of current manpower position to determine future needs.Information such as educational qualification, skills , experience, type of job, sex, age and geographical location should be considered in planning manpower needs. In other words, we have to take stock of our current manpower to enable us forecast what we need in future. This involves job analysis, job description and job specification A manpower audit is equally important: This will show the actual number of employees on the establishment which will form the basis of operations. For instance, if there is manpower deficiency, the organization could correct the situation through its personnel/administrative programmes. This could be achieved through the following means. Recruitment Training and staff development Promotion and transfer etc The purpose, then, for establishing a human strategic plan is to: Decide where your department is going over the next three to five years Establish an action plan (tactics) to get where you want to go Help your staff focus on the truly important activities Define the resources youll need to accomplish your objectives Create a plan to acquire necessary resources Advantages : There are many advantages of human resource in an organization some of them include: Human resource helps in employee management: There are many advantages that human resource provides in an organization but the foremost advantage of human resource in an organization is the assistance it provides in Recruiting staff and in training employee. The human resource department is mostly responsible to develop the systematic plan according to which they hire the staff and help to build a professional work team. There are series of strategies that the human resource system implements in employment appointing which includes: Allocated training sessions for employees Develop test plans for employee To manage and analyze employee interviews To create internship opportunities Human resource provides consultancy: There are many issues that the employee or work-team of an organization faces. The advantage of human resource is that its a medium which provide all the consulting that a employee needs and also answer general queries. Human resource is very effective in an organization to settle down any managerial dispute or employee problem in a professional and proficient manner. Building business plan : On more advantage of human resource is that these departments actively participate in business and marketing decision. The human resource system comprises of highly dedicated professionals who have the ability to devise new plan and implement marketing strategies that would bring more business and capital to the organization. Forethought of business : Human resource also deals with the long-term management of the business. This department evaluates the future scope of the business and devises strategies which would be profitable to the organization in the longer run and bring in stability to the business and provide it an established medium to stand on in the future. Building public relations : Human resource also helps the business and commerce to make public relations and built a proper referral system. It is very necessary that the business develops an association with other businesses in the market so it could propel its earning through collaboration with other business sectors. The human resource department arranges seminars, business meetings and official gathering for the company so that it gets acquainted with the market and other businesses. These advantages therefore clearly illustrate how important the human resource is for an organization. Whether the business is small or its a big budget industry, building and maintaining a high profile human resource system is very necessary if the business wants to avoid disputes and problems in the longer run. The human resource can be deployed in a small organization at a low scale by hiring minimal staff and growing it gradually as the business progress. Disadvantages : More Time Consuming Future Uncertainity Coordination with other managerial function Management Information System Resistance from employees It is depend on company future activity and current activity. Future is uncertain then manager have a problem to make a best alternative. Summary : Delphi system involves the use of large number of experts and managers who are required to present their own idea of future manpower or human resources requirement for a particular time. They are expected to fill questionnaires on human resources needs in each unit, section or department within the organization. These statements and assumptions are passed anonymously to others by an intermediary. These inputs are reviewed and analyzed by different experts and managers until a final forecast paper on human resources needs qualification, skill, experience etc, is acceptable by the experts/managers. It is the belief that inputs and criticism of experts before a consensus forecasts was accepted would make it more accurate for implementation in the organization. This method has been shown to produce better one year forecast than the linear regression analysis. It is m mostly used to generate predictions. It is however criticized because of the problem of synchronizing or integrating the opinions of experts. Nominal grouping technique: This is another type of expert forecast. With this system, managers/experts are brought together to discuss for about 10-20 minutes. Their views ,ideas or criticisms are listed on a sheet of paper before a consensus is reached. This system is advantageous in that experts are brought together to discuss unlike the Delphi technique. It is also use to identify orgnaisation problems and proffer solutions to them. This system is similar to managerial judgment forecasting method used in small organizations that are not rich enough to have data banks for their human resources information and job analysis

Lizabeths Experiences in Marigolds by Eugenia Collier Essay -- essays

'Marigolds' is a story written by the author Eugenia Collier. It is considered a 'coming of age story.' A coming of age story is a story where the protagonist becomes an adult through experiences, knowledge, or an adventure. Throughout the story the main character, Lizabeth, goes through experiences that upset her. These experiences teach her to have compassion and not to be afraid of hope and beauty. 'For all the smoldering emotions of that summer swelled up in me and burst-the great need for my mother who was never there, the hopelessness of our poverty and degradation, the bewilderment of being neither child nor woman and both at once, the fear unleashed by my father's tears.' This quote from the story explains what was troubling Lizabeth. As a child her mother wasn't around often...

Footballers, Are They Getting Paid Too Much Essay

Dear readers, with your current income, how many years does it take to earn 114,000? Does it take 10 or 25 or 50 years? If you answer 1 day, you must be Cristiano Ronaldo because it is the amount of money he gets DAILY. I bet everyone already knows about how big is the footballer income and moans how it unfair is the life. You maintain the order, defense the motherland, save people by risking yours, developing technology for better future etc., but your income is nowhere near the person whose job is running and kicking the ball. At first thought, you condemn and complain how the system of life sucks so much. But, let’s give it a second thought by assessing if they really worth the money. Let’s take a vote, does the footballers really deserve it? See, the majority says not so I will begin reasoning why they really should get pay cut. Importance in Life Imagine the world without football and football itself never existed even from the very first place. Well no problem, there are still a lot of fun in the world. But how if there are no polices, firefighters, researchers, engineer, or doctor? Misery, misery, and misery. We can survive if there is no football game for a day, a year, or even forever. But, some will not last even an hour if all the doctors in the world commence a strike simultaneously. That explains how insignificant the profession of footballer relative to other jobs. Yes, money is not everything. There are a lot of people with noble heart who works not for money. But come on, you would question about justice when a soldier ,who protect your country with his life, can’t afford his 10,000 child’s cure while in same time Rooney earns 100,000 for the goals he score -which does not affect human life at all-. The common sense is, the more important you are, and the more appreciation you should have. The appreciation is not all about money, but you wonder how many times we say thank you to close and small unnoticed service like the janitor. In contrary, we hail Maradona as if he is a God although we don’t know him and vice versa. We hail Pele for his 1,000 goals although without them the world  is still the same. Where is the logic, world? Unsportmanship Sport teaches us about sportsmanship and fair play, that is what we used to hear back then. Today, the line is completely irrelevant because there is no single match without cheating. Diving, violent tackle, racist insult, indiscipline, those were some viruses which plague football today and sadly they are only a tip of icebergs. The worse is, they still get paid for all the nasty conduct they did and shows the terrible example for all the kids who idolize them. And the worst of all, they are paid using your money. So indirectly, all the money you spent for ticket, merchandise, and television will be the present for all nasty deeds they have done. Or  Bad Attitude The terrible conduct on the pitch is bad, but terrible conduct off the pitch is worse. A public figure should be the good example for people around him, let alone their fans. Just count how many cheating and sexual scandal which involves footballer. We don’t want our kids to follow John Terry’s lead in cheating, do we? And should we see the lads’ goint involves in night life party like Adriano and Ronaldinho just because they are the idol? There are still many unexemplary deeds such as shoplifting, street brawl, or even drug abuse. Once again I must stress how great the influence of the idol could affect their admirer. The admirer could follow the footstep to destruction without even knowing it. Such bad-manner players really do not deserve such big sum of money. That’s all about why the footballers are not deserved for their big money. Now we are entering the grey area where the opinion is still vague and arguable. Poor Background As long as I remember, I only can recall 4 footballers’ names whose family  isn’t poor. They are Kaka, Pirlo, Del Piero and Vialli. Most of the rest come from poor family especially those who come from South America and Africa. For them, sport is their only way to escape from poverty lasso which binds their countries tightly. Frequently, such background makes an easy excuse to grant them the big payment and freedom to have the life they have never experienced without knowing it is the most enjoyable path to destruction. Let’s take Ronaldinho as example. Just when he reached his peak in career, he began to be disoriented. The bright spotlight, money, admiration, luxury, and elite life were beyond his childhood imagination. Then the downfall began. He was tempted to attend flickering night life, spending money without worry of starving at next day, and other luxuries he couldn’t afford back then in Brazil. And why was he tempted to do so? Because he had money. The money pours into his account like torrential rain, an amount which he has never seen before. Well it tells us, however bad is the background, however pitiful is the past experience; overpaid salary is not an excuse to allow footballer earns such big money. Short Career If we talk about the invidual with big revenue, the field which pops out of our mind is athlete and entertainment. Movie star and singer earn more money than any athlete in the world but that is where the logic is distorted once again. The celebrity could still earn money through advanced years while the case isn’t the same for athlete. Al Pacino is currently one of the senior actor and he still could live himself from film industry for 40 years since his debut in tender age. Paul McCartney can still sing and compose the song although he is 70 years old now. How about athlete, in this case footballer? The option is very limited. After entering 30 years old phase, they must already think about the job in next 3 years because it is most likely the club won’t use his service anymore. But the choices are very limited. Usually, after their retirement, they choose the career as football analysis, commentator, or any football staff role. There are a lot of topics that could be drawn from here, but I will focus on financial aspect for now. The entertainer could still get the same payment like they did 20 years ago, but the salary for coach, commentator etc. is smaller by great distance  compare to active player. So, if the entertainers get such big money then footballers also deserve it too even they deserve it more because of career time limitation. No, it is the big no. Admitted, we live in unfair world but it doesn’t mean everything must be unjust. Remember the first point I mentioned in this article. Even the footballer getting such big money is very unfair so they must accept the short career cruelty. Honestly, all the money they get during their career is enough for their rest of lifes if they spend it wisely. And, they already know their playing time is very short from the very first time they choose footballer as occupation. The question is, have they anticipated the retirement day ? Have they invest their money for future instead of buying newest Lamborghini annually ? Have they think the job they would take 10 years ahead instead of thinking which pary they would attend ?. I would say the short career that footballer has is not an excuse to earn such big revenue because they have already seen it coming and they should prepare for it from the very start of career. It seems footballers really do not deserve those chunk of money. But, how if they really do ? How if they really worth those big salary ? There are the reason for it and here are they. Bet of Life When a kid chooses football as his career, he is betting his life on it and the gamble is extremely high risk. This is something any educated people would never experience. For those lucky souls who have good education, he could work in any job regardless of their education background. If you are enginerring student and you realize you are not talented enough, you can still work at different field of job in any company, being a businessman or being an entrepreneur etc and still achieve success, at least you can earn money to feed you and family. But that is the luxury which footballer never have. A lot of kids choose football in expense of their education. And just how many of them could make it to professional level ? For those footballers who can live themselves, congratulation. No matter how small is your team  and your league, you must consider yourselves lucky if you can still live from football because there are millions unfortunate footballers who barely live with football. The elite football player receives a very spotlight, but remember, brighter light means darker shadow. Behind the glamorous light of famous football star, there are many players at the bottom of pyramid desperately reach greater height, let alone the summit where the likes of Messi and Ronaldo belong. This is why the job is very extremely risky. Talent alone is not enough to guarantee you could break through to be professional player. If somehow you are injured, your career is done. If you once do something stupid even if it is in unconsious manner, your career might be over. High talent but always have bad coaches throughout career, you won’t advance any further. You have better talent then Messi Maradona but being overlooked by coach and scout ? Career is done again. Those are only a mere few examples and there are still a lot of stumbling block along the path as a professional player. Imagine the life of failed footballer. They already left school from very young age and they don’t have any other skill except football. So, in order to live, they must do anything to continue their life, including being a criminal. Just imagine how miserable is life if you must live without skill and there is no future certainty. This is the main reason why footballer deserves such high pay. Community Support The logic is simple. If the community does willingly pay big amount of money for football, why does football refuse it ? The best example is Arsenal. Since moving to their new stadium, Arsenal has never won any single trophy. And since their move too, Arsenal has been selling the most expensive seasonal ticket in the world. Funny. The fans still insist buying seasonal ticket, merchandise, TV programme, only to watch their beloved team has no ambition whatsoever to satisty them. The same goes to the rest of fans and their clubs. The supply exists because of demand and vice versa. Footballers earn the money they get from their fans. If the community doesn’t support football anymore, of course the footballers will have their salary cut. But  for now, the community still willingly handing their money for football so, why should the footballers refuse the money ? They are at the most adventegeous side and if the condition goes unchange, they remain will. Conclusion Now, which side are you at? The big salary for footballer, deserve or not deserve? If I were asked and I must answer it, it is the close call and I would answer they deserve it. Partly, I don’t agree the footballers get such high salary and I really support. Their revenue is growing annually yet their professionalism is dwindling. But, if somehow the footballers have their salary cut, imagine the effect on non-elite player. Even now, there are many player who barely survive with salary from football. My solution is, the player must have a good education since their young age. La Masia is one good example for it. They don’t only train football. La Masia knows maybe there are only few men out of hundreds who could make it through professional level. So, they teach other skills beside football in case they fail at it. The method should be applied in every football institution. By giving the preparation for further life, at least they could still earn their life and stay away from world of crime. Hey, it could reduce the criminal number too. Cool. We hope for it too, don’t we? Bibliography en.wikipedia.org/

Ensuring the Business Aspects are Successful

As with any concern partnership between an U.S. corporation and a Latin American corporation, universities that spouse to offer academic plans must see the fiscal and operational facets of such partnerships. This paper deals with international partnerships between universities as research labs for coaction between concerns. The elements that make for a successful articulation venture go beyond the academic issues of content and how that content is delivered to pupils. This paper deals with the concern and inter-university relationships in developing and implementing articulation or collaborative grade plans between universities. It does non cover with traditional exchange plans or double grade plans where one of the universities is the dominant establishment at which the pupils really earn the grade. ; instead the coaction here deals with the joint development and offering of course of study by the establishments as equal spouses that leads to the awarding of a joint or collaborative grade. Regis University, founded in 1877, is one of 28 Jesuit universities in the United States. The university enrolls more than 16,000 pupils who study at its Denver, Colorado campus, seven other regional campuses and on-line via distance acquisition. The University has developed relationships with the University of Ulster in Northern Ireland, the National University of Ireland in Galway, Ireland, and ITESO in Guadalajara, Mexico every bit good as other relationships with schools in other parts of the universe. This paper concentrates on the relationships with the Ulster, Galway and ITESO for intents of the research theoretical account. The University of Ulster is the major university in Northern Ireland and is portion of the higher educational system in the United Kingdom. Ulster is similar to Regis University in that both have multiple campus that serve diverse populations and both have extended on-line educational plans. The National University of Ireland in Galway is involved in extended educational partnerships throughout Europe and in Asia every bit good as supplying extended go oning instruction grade plans for working grownups within the state. ITESO, located in Guadalajara, Mexico, is a Jesuit university as is Regis University. ITESO offers a important figure of academic and go oning professional development plans for working grownups and via its distance instruction scheduling. ITESO participates in an extended web of schools throughout North and Latin America every bit good as in Europe and Asia. Literature The educational literature has a great trade of research refering the traditional pupil exchange plans between international universities every bit good as survey abroad, and double grade plans, yet there is small about the development and operation of jointly developed and operated degree plans. The double grade plans in the literature be given to be coactions where one of the universities offers the grade ( typically the U.S. spouse ) and the other school provides pupils. In many instances these double grade plans allow the pupils of either school to reassign a specific figure of classs into the other grade and to take classs at each school. But the pupils are normally considered degree seeking at the dominant spouse in the relationship. What needs to be looked at is how we develop and guarantee that both the U.S. school and the school in the other state is a full and equal spouse in the coaction. One such partnership that seems to signal such a alteration is the joint partnership between the British Council and the state of Brazil. In an article depicting this partnership Canto and Hannah ( 2001 ) stated that â€Å" ( vitamin E ) quality in the proviso of financess has a practical and symbolic significance aˆÂ ¦ , meaning that this is a coaction that sets out to replace traditional north-south relationships of giver and receiver with echt academic partnerships † ( P. 27. ) What the writers were seeking to state and what seems to be needed in developing such international coactions is that there is a demand for common regard and engagement where both organisations bring similar or complementary accomplishments and resources to the tabular array as opposed to the traditional theoretical account which typic ally has the U.S. or European university supplying the existent educational chances at the U.S. school with the bulk of the pupils coming from the other state. What their paper efforts to make is analyze the relationship between the U.S. school and the Latin American school in a different visible radiation. Canto and Hannah ( 2001 ) paraphrased Altbach ( 1981 ) in which Altbach commented on the quandary 3rd universe universities so had in deriving acknowledgment even though academic public presentation and research in the 3rd universe had improved greatly over the old ages since World War II. It seems that the perceptual experience was that the establishments in the U.S. and Europe have the monopoly on cognition and the 3rd universe is in demand of that cognition. Such attitudes continue and have limited cooperation and coaction. Canto and Hannah believe that since the late 1970 ‘s schools in the U.S. and Europe have entered into horizontal partnerships that include three elements: â€Å" ( a ) the being of old cognition of the other spouse to set up realistic outlooks † which came from Samoilovich ‘s work in the 1990 â⠂¬Ëœs, â€Å" ( B ) the echt sharing of each other ‘s experiences † which they got from work done by Balan in the 1990 ‘s, and â€Å" ( degree Celsius ) the application of each other ‘s cognition instead than a one-way transportation † of cognition from the dominant school, which came from work done by Bor and Shute in the 1990 ‘s. ( 2001, P. 32. ) Some issues identified by Canto and Hannah ( 2001 ) include: holding a clear apprehension of each spouse ‘s strengths and failings, holding a great trade of trust in each other, low degrees of struggle an equal partnership where both spouses are respected for what each brings to the relationship, acknowledging that linguistic communication can be a barrier, and holding regard for each school ‘s cultural differences. Canto and Hannah ( 2001 ) besides looked at three links that need to be considered. These are linguistics, sociology, and engineering. Each of these demands to be considered when developing a partnership where both schools play an equal function in developing the academic course of study and be aftering the concern theoretical account for operations. This was re-enforced by Shaw ( 2006 ) who speaks to the importance of understanding political environments in each state every bit good as within each establishment involved in the partnership. He farther commented that the â€Å" ( s ) tability of a joint venture refers to the length of service of the relationship, and it is dependent, in portion, upon the combination and communicating between theaˆÂ ¦partners † ( P. 439. ) Shaw ( 2006 ) besides identified barriers that must be considered in developing partnerships in the academic sphere. These tend to back up what Canto and Hannah ( 2001 ) noted in their research. Shaw spoke to fiscal support, division of work and control, struggle, cultural differences, and environmental factors ( P. 442. ) An interesting fact is that international joint ventures have declined in figure over the past decennary ( Popper, 2002 ) and while Popper is talking by and large about transnational companies, she notes that much of the diminution is because the spouses have different involvements. Popper ‘s remarks tend to back up the treatment above refering issues to be alert about when developing coactions between U.S. or European universities and their opposite numbers in Latin America. Chowdhury and Chowdhury ( 2002 ) remark that it is of import to develop â€Å" synergism among the spouse houses ( P. 52. ) They further speak to the symmetric houses holding an inducement for organizing the partnership in the demand to increase demand ( p. 57. ) If this is translated into an educational partnership, so the end may good be to increase demand for higher instruction in one or both states – or at least the demand for an instruction from the spouse schools. Finally Nadler and Nadler ( 1990 ) speak to the demand to see the homo resource demands in joint ventures. They commented that â€Å" the fluctuation in cultural norms from state to state should be recognized and understood † ( p. 71 ) when sing human resource issues. Each spouse may hold different accomplishments and cognition to impart to the coaction and this needs to be understood and planned for. Nadler and Nadler farther noted that both spouses in a joint venture must understand that each spouse may miss some human resources capacity and that may necessitate to be developed. Lessons Learned from Regis University and its Spouses Relationship Building The literature clearly noted that one of the keys to success with international collaborative ventures is the development of relationships ( Canto & A ; Hannah, 2001, Shaw, 2006, Popper, 2002, Chowdhury and Chowdhury, 2002, and Nadler & A ; Nadler, 1990. ) Based on an analysis of the international coactions between Regis University, Denver, Colorado and the three international spouses introduced before, relationship edifice likely is foremost in those elements that ensured success and when non to the full developed, resulted in failure. Prior to get downing to develop any academic plans with ITESO in Guadalajara and the National University of Ireland in Galway ( NUIG ) both schools spent considerable clip acquiring to cognize each other. In the instance of NUIG the partnership began with senior functionaries at both schools meeting through a 3rd party and so merely researching possible chances over a twosome of old ages. The same occurred with ITESO. Representatives of both schools foremost met through a conference sponsored by AJCU and AUSCAL in Guadalajara and so about a twelvemonth subsequently at an IAJBS educational conference. That led to farther contacts and visits. During these meetings and societal contacts, both parties got to cognize the people and their civilizations, and developed a trusting relationship. In the first instance, these contacts led to the formation of a joint Irish Studies plan online between NUIG and Regis University. The plan was designed to be little in order to develop a working relat ionship and has continued. Later that plan led to the development and execution of an on-line alumnus grade in package technology. The relationship at ITESO resulted in execution of a joint MBA grade where pupils from both schools can gain an extra grade from each by taking nucleus classs at the place establishment and so a series of classs at the other. This relationship is now leting ITESO and Regis University to look at traveling into a jointly offered grade for the remainder of Latin America. An illustration of a plan that likely failed because the relationship was non adequately developed before seeking to implement a plan was the joint MS grade in International Management between Regis University and the University of Ulster in Northern Ireland. Here the determination to travel forward was made really rapidly by the top decision makers in each school. No clip was allowed for the module of each university to acquire to cognize each other and work together before planning. This resulted in miscommunications about course of study, policies, civilization in each state and the schools themselves, every bit good as other administrative issues. When the Numberss of pupils did non happen in the beginning, it was easy to merely end the understanding. Relationship edifice in any concern venture is critical to the success of the venture. In higher instruction it may be even more of import since the success of the joint venture or coaction depends on people wholly. The strength of the Regis-NUIG relationship is a personal 1 between a twosome of persons at each establishment that has led to other personal relationships between module and staff at each school. While there is a common linguistic communication, there are still differences in civilization and model. ITESO is a Jesuit university as is Regis University so there was an bing bond, yet it was the development of the personal relationships between module and staff at both schools that ensured a successful partnership. Fiscal Issues Fiscal issues can be a deal-breaker if non handled suitably in any joint venture, but possibly even more so when working across international boundary lines. The development of a strong trusting relationship will assist both spouses work through struggles that may originate refering who contributes what fiscal and physical resources and how disbursals are accounted for. The relationship with ITESO was assisted by a grant from the First Data/Western Union foundation that provided monies to make some conferences in Mexico for civil sector workers and organisations with ITESO and others taking a leading function in Mexico. The grant besides provided dollars to get down be aftering a certification ( sheepskin ) plan in the civil sector country and for conveying some module from ITESO to Regis during the summer intensives the University holds each twelvemonth. From this get downing the concern and direction modules began speaking about the joint MBA construct which subsequently developed into the current offering between the two schools. There are a figure of ways to develop the concern program that can impact the fiscal resources needed for the successful execution of the collaborative attempt. One theoretical account is to merely hold each school wage for its ain costs and so split the grosss generated. This avoids the job of finding methods for apportioning disbursals. Each establishment decides what budgetary disbursals should be included in the undertaking. It may besides avoid the job of costs at one location being more or less than the other. One disadvantage may be that the theoretical account relies on each to equitably back up the operational disbursals. If the coaction is online there likely needs to be some expression for the on-line production and hosting of the classs. Sharing the grosss besides has advantages and disadvantages. It does presume that there is some equity in the Numberss of pupils recruited by each spouse ; otherwise, it is possible one school is lending more than the other. A 2nd theoretical account is to still hold each school budget its ain disbursals, but have each school keep the grosss it generates through its ain recruiting attempts. This theoretical account might include each school counterbalancing the other when a pupil takes a class ( s ) from the other school. Or each school merely keeps the gross it generates. The advantage to this theoretical account is that it is clear and each school is individually at hazard. The disadvantage is that presuming costs are equal in most instances, one school may bring forth more gross than the other one and therefore the partnership might be uneven. A 3rd theoretical account is to develop a individual agreed upon budget and so apportion costs based on what services and resources are provided by each establishment. It follows that grosss would besides be allocated on a similar expression. This theoretical account ensures that each school is accountable to the whole since each has a interest in the result. Like the old theoretical account the challenge will be to maintain some kind of para in the relationship. Costss for such coactions include: selling and recruiting disbursals, production costs for online development, module and staff costs, aggregations disbursals and other administrative operating expense, and start-up disbursals. Depending on the size of the coaction these can be rather dearly-won to each organisation. Each of these will be dealt with in assorted subdivisions of the paper to follow. Another component of fundss to believe about is the international pecuniary exchange rate and how that is calculated. Historically, the exchange has been based on the U.S. dollar, but in the current economic environment the fluctuation in exchange rates takes on an importance that may non hold been at that place in the yesteryear. If the two schools portion grosss, it can be debatable finding at what point the exchange rate is fixed. Along with the exchange rate is the inquiry of whose currency payments are made in. Each spouse may be bear downing tuition in its ain currency which makes it hard to find if the charges to pupils are tantamount. Such dialogues have had important impacts on the coactions between Regis University and its spouses. The coaction with NUIG requires each spouse to budget its ain disbursals, nevertheless, there is a expression for points such as selling disbursals and some overhead that vary between states. In Europe it is common to non bear down pupils for required texts and to utilize other beginnings, while in the U.S. pupils typically pay for their ain books and more frequently than non text editions are required. How do the spouses determine an just manner of covering with these differences? Both Regis and NUIG agreed on a expression for dividing the grosss earned from pupil tuitions ; of class, during the first few old ages at that place have ever been minor dialogues as to how that works at the terminal of the twelvemonth when the transportation of monies occurs. With the coaction with ITESO, the current undertaking has each school responsible for its ain disbursals including selling and enli sting. Each school besides charges its ain tuition for all classs in the plan and so each spouse compensates the other for those classs taken at the spouse school by its pupils. However, ITESO and Regis University came to an understanding on what the tuition would be for this plan. Compensation for pupils taking classs at the other spouse is in that school ‘s currency. For the Ulster venture, the allotment was more complicated and included negociating all disbursals and costs every bit good as the tuition rate. Each school shared in the budget based on a negotiated expression. This proved to be slightly dissentious. If either establishment is come ining the understanding with the purpose of functioning 1000s of pupils and doing important net incomes they will probably be disappointed. While larning from one another and come ining markets that might hold been out of range are surely worthwhile and come-at-able ends, doing more than a modest net income is non. The financials developed prior to come ining the understanding between Regis University and Ulster promised tremendous net income. The failure of this net income to happen was one more nail in the casket of that venture. One lesson learned was that maintaining it every bit simple as possible is in the best involvement of both spouses. While the ITESO coaction merely late the purpose has been that this theoretical account will ensue in a better direction procedure for disbursals. Merchandise Development Here we speak in footings of course of study development every bit good as production of online classs. It is likely that occupants in each state or part of the universe will hold different demands and desires when it comes to the course of study, how that course of study is offered, and what is expected in the manner of work. The modules at both schools need to come to understanding on what the course of study will include in order to outdo service diverse pupil organic structures. The modules of ITESO and Regis University spent considerable clip working together on placing the acquisition results for a collaborative MBA and what classs might be appropriate and the sum of clip it might take to finish the grades. In the instance of this partnership it was decided that each school would go on to offer classs that already exist. In add-on it was determined that each university ‘s pupils needed to finish the nucleus at the place school and so take five classs from the other school which would transcripted at both. ITESO teaches its classs in Spanish and Regis teaches its classs in English. For the NUIG coaction, each school became responsible for developing half of the course of study, so dialogues centered on what type of classs and content ought to be included and which school is responsible for which courses. This procedure took considerable clip and communications between the modules at each school. For most of the classs each school was able to accommodate its ain class work for the coaction. Regis University and the University of Ulster besides developed a theoretical account where each school developed half of the course of study ; nevertheless, it was decided to get down from abrasion. The construct included both modules working together on the content. This created important jobs in coming to understanding and probably besides contributed to the eventual expiration of the understanding. Production includes finding who and how classs will be written and produced for on-line presentation. It is imperative that the classs be offered on one platform so the understanding needs to specify which school hosts the plan and how the modules of the two schools participate with the development squad. Selling Determining the mark market is a important facet of the coaction. The other inquiry that must be asked and answered is who is responsible for making the selling and enlisting. In the instance of the Ulster coaction, the negotiated understanding stated that while both schools would make selling, Regis University would be responsible for most of the attempt. Ulster would host the classs on its WebCT platform. This proved to be a job since the Regis selling squad had no experience selling a plan in another state and had to play catch up. With both ITESO and NUIG each school markets to its ain market, which seems to be a better attack. This besides means that each school identifies who the mark market will be. In the instance of the Ulster coaction it was Regis University ‘s function to place the European market which proved to be much more hard than idea. Consideration must be given to making marketing surveies in the states to be involved. Such surveies need to include who are the possible pupils, their companies, whether the companies assist in paying the tuition, and what the tuition scope will be. If the coaction will include offering the degree plan beyond the two states, what are the planetary considerations. Agreement is needed between the spouses on what is to be marketed. Here once more cultural differences and regional differences play a portion. What may work in the U.S. is non needfully what will work in Latin America. One inquiry to inquire is whether the possible pupil population is ready and willing to take part in the plan. One premise is that a combined U.S./Latin American or U.S./European grade is something that will be sought after if offered. And if so are pupils willing to make so via the cyberspace. It appears that leting each spouse to make its ain selling is the best option for a figure of grounds. These include cognition of the local civilization and peoples, cognition of the types of selling that work best, and costs included. For illustration in the North American market making internet gross revenues may be a better attack while in Europe direct gross revenues may work better. Technology Technology is non merely the platform and class direction system to be used in offering the coaction. It besides includes cognizing what engineering the possible market has entree to, the set breadth in the states and sub-regions of states, costs of entree to the cyberspace, and even clip zone issues that affect use. Latin America has long used orbiter transmittal and wireless transmittal for certificate/diploma plans since these engineerings have been available. Switch overing to the cyberspace to convey educational plans is a new manner of making this, and the possible pupils need to hold entree to the engineering. And they need to desire to make so. One of the lessons obtained from the Ulster coaction was that the selling survey showed that pupils in northern Europe had ready entree to the cyberspace and to the engineering to entree it. At the same clip the farther South in Europe one went the less likely it was that possible pupils would entree the cyberspace either because of no involvement or because there was non ready entree. A inquiry for the partnership with ITESO is that one time it expands beyond the regional country served by ITESO, will possible pupils have the engineering and entree to take part. In some instances this may necessitate a committedness from the individual ‘s employer to supply entree through the corporate web. Legal and Governmental One frequently does non believe about or see the legal and governmental issues that can be involved in international coactions. This is a important facet of concern partnerships since international trade is governed by many regulations and ordinances. In most academic exchange plans there are few limitations even for double grades when merely one spouse really offers the grade. However, for the types of partnerships addressed by this paper, there are many considerations. First are accreditation issues. For Regis University, the Higher Learning Commission ( HLC ) of the North Central Association of Schools and Colleges ( NCA ) must at least reappraisal such coactions prior to their execution. For the spouses there may be a demand to hold the instruction ministry for the state review the undertaking and O.K. it. Such blessings are required if the grades are to be jointly awarded and the course of study is being shared by both schools. Issues include transcripting of credits and the grades, module makings, academic quality and appraisal, and many other concerns. There may be specific governmental limitations or regulations that must be met in each state. These may be academic constituents or things like pupil funding issues, travel limitations, visa demands if pupils travel between states, pecuniary policies, and contract regulations and ordinances. An interesting obstruction discovered after the partnership was ready to get down in Ireland was the find that Irish Constitution requires any grade offered by NUIG to be entirely awarded by the National University of Ireland. That created jobs since NUIG and Regis had planned on presenting a joint grade for the alumnus grade in package technology. The solution was to hold the pupils decide which state he/she wanted the grade from after which the pupil completed the finishing touch for that university. Besides the grade being awarded from either NUIG or Regis University, the schools jointly give the pupils a parchment that describes the joint venture and that the grade is recorded at each school. The University of Ulster did non hold such jobs since it is located in Northern Ireland which is portion of the United Kingdom. Ulster was authorized to find its ain grade awarding regulations and so it was all right to present a joint grade. However, Ulster believed there were other regulat ions that affected how the plan could be structured. In both instances outside judges needed to be involved at the terminal of each twelvemonth to reexamine pupil advancement and base on balls on whether the pupils met academic criterions. This was something new for Regis University. The stiff regulations in Northern Ireland likely besides contributed to the struggle that finally resulted in the plan being terminated. ITESO must run into the academic regulations in consequence in Mexico ; nevertheless, because of ITESO ‘s position with the instruction ministry, it is authorized to develop a coaction that includes jointly presenting grades. In add-on the Mexican higher instruction system operates in a mode more similar to the United States theoretical account. Another regulative issue involves standards used by the Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business ( AACSB ) which frequently requires that both spouses be AACSB accredited. This lone affects concern and direction plans, but since that is the country where most of these ventures will happen the regulation is important. If pupils must go to the other location, in-migration regulations apply. This could be an obstruction for some. Faculty certificates and makings are besides something to see. The accreditation organic structures will interested how each spouse evaluates and assesses the certificates of the module involved. Regis University and its spouses have chosen to follow standards that province that each school accepts the credentialing procedure of the other school. Language Language is an of import factor. Even when the coaction is between an U.S. school and a European one ( including Ireland and the UK ) there are communicating jobs since idioms may be well different and difficult to understand. The issue of linguistic communication is even more of import when the partnership is between an U.S. university and one in Latin America. One inquiry to reply is whether all or some or none of the module demand to be bilingual to take part in the plan? This seems to hold been resolved with the Regis/ITESO coaction. Since the classs taught by ITESO are in Spanish and the 1s taught by Regis are taught in English, it was decided that being bi-lingual is non necessary. It is necessary of the pupils, nevertheless. Clarity is besides something to see in joint ventures. Given cultural and linguistic communication differences it is really of import to often corroborate that all parties are speaking about the same things. Even when there is a common linguistic communication, such as American English and British or Irish English, false blood relations ( i.e. disciplinas and Disciplines ; cursos and coursesaˆÂ ¦ etc. ) further complicate the affair. Frequent rewording and reappraisal aid to get the better of such jobs. As Canto and Hannah ( 2001 ) noted, linguistic communication can be an obstruction and must be considered. Language besides impacts how each spouse approaches selling. Leadership Issues Effective leading is a must in any coaction. The senior leadership/management at both spouses must be actively supportive of the venture. This includes a committedness for both administrative and fiscal support every bit good as supplying ample resources for module. Without such committedness it will be much more hard to implement and keep the coaction. However, such committedness can besides be a negative if each spouse does non affect the in-between direction leaders and module early on. One illustration of where leading ended up being a major job was the coaction between Regis University and the University of Ulster. The understanding to travel forward was made by the Vice Chancellor of Ulster and the petition to take part came from him without much work done to develop the relationship with the Faculty of Business and Management at Ulster. There was opposition to this new venture, particularly since the module believed they were already successful and were non certain they wanted to make this undertaking. Both schools besides appointed module leads who did non pass on good with each other which all excessively frequently met struggle and dissensions. On the other manus, the senior leading at both ITESO and NUIG were supportive from the beginning, but they knew that it was of import to construct the relationship foremost. In both instances the presidents or other senior leaders encouraged coaction and allowed for the relationship to develop. Faculty were besides empowered. This reduced the likeliness there would be opposition and struggle. Any clip there are alterations in leading and/or structural alterations to an establishment it may do it more hard for a fledgeling understanding to travel frontward. Any relationship such as those described in this paper is bound to ab initio be dependent in portion on the personal relationships established between the representatives of the establishments instead than between the establishments themselves. Merely with clip will be relationships become institutional instead than personal and even so it is incumbent on both establishments to proactively work to guarantee the on-going verve of the relationship. Leader support is critical to such enterprises since resources need to be committed and there is a likely demand to use fund long before any plan is really launched. Academic Outcomes Obviously academic quality is cardinal to any coaction. Students in such ventures want to be assured that the grade will be respected and will open doors. One ground pupils will desire to matriculate in such joint coactions is to acquire a place in an international organisation, whether that is in computing machine scientific discipline or concern. This takes on-going and uninterrupted work and coaction between the modules, appraisal of larning results, and guaranting quality experiences for pupils. Part of this includes working with the spouse. For illustration, in the coaction with NUIG, both schools committed to utilizing the outside reviewer theoretical account to yearly measure and measure pupil achievements. Training and go oning instruction for module is critical in such partnerships. Faculty from different states must work collaboratively. To make this these must be commitment to academic quality every bit good as quality and readily available pupil service and advising. Concluding Notes There are first-class grounds to look at organizing international coactions to offer joint grade plans. Such coaction ensures international Bridgess between states and civilizations. In a changing universe environment it may be even more of import that pupils and module, particularly at the alumnus degree, experience international civilizations and instruction. Much of what must be practiced externally in order to do such coactions work is no unlike that which should be in topographic point internally. Transparency, regard for one another, financial duty, realistic outlooks, quality control and a shared desire to function pupils and learn from one another surely will do such coactions more likely to win. It is besides of import to acknowledge that they may non all win and that larning from those that do n't is merely more likely to do subsequent attempts, with the same or different spouses, more rewarding. Jesuit instruction attempts have reached out to the universe since shortly after Ignatius of Loyola brought together his little set of comrades. Ignatian humanitarianism and spiritualty tell us that it is of import to get down with a individual ‘s experiences and so to construct on them, to convey understanding among all peoples. International coactions to offer joint grade plans bring these Jesuit values together across boundary lines and across oceans.

Free Foreign Market Entry Strategy Essay

Free Foreign Market Entry Strategy Essay Foreign Market Entry Strategy Introduction International business has assumed new and complex proportions in the recent times on account of globalization of markets and economies. The globalization phenomenon has exposed organizations to new challenges that creates the need for a deeper understanding of global markets and economic environment that shape industry trends. Business in todays world is guided and affected by the economic, social, financial, technological, political factors and system of any country. So in order for any international brand to be able to flourish and get a hold on the foreign market, it is imperative that all these factors are considered and analyzed. With more and more companies going global the strategic alternatives and practices differ widely from one business to another. The market entry strategy is based on an in-depth assessment of new market environment and an understanding of vital factors driving the industry operations in a global context. The business world is not limited to trading in any ones home country only. In order to expand and grow the almost all the countries in todays world try to venture into the foreign market. The success or the failure would depend on the strategies adopted for a fruitful international business (Ghemawat, 2001). Thus, evaluation of foreign markets and analysis of economic environment is important in determining the feasibility of entering new markets. Firms entry Burger King is one of the leading fast food retailer in the United States having a global market presence across 73 countries. The company started its operations in the year 1954 with its first restaurant in Miami, Florida (Burger King website, 2012). As part of its international expansion strategy the company plans to venture into the Indian markets that holds great potential for extended sales and revenue. The country has a vast population and growing economic prosperity has lured many multinational companies to venture into this market. {t_essay_order} India has witnessed a tremendous economic growth over the past few decades. In 2006, Indias gross domestic product grew by 9.2% (Martin Kronstadt, 2007). Many U.S. companies consider India as one of the potential candidates for investment in any business. In spite of this economic growth, most of the rural people are poor and they can afford only the bare minimum necessities of life. Owing to the growing rate of inflation, the economic expansion is still restricted. Unemployment is still a prominent problem. More than half of the population still depend on agriculture (Martin Kronstadt, 2007). India is a land of varied demographic and geographical variety. One third of the population lives in urban areas and a significant proportion of the population are dependent on agriculture for their living (Martin Kronstadt, 2007). The social division in India is based on the regional background, religion, caste and these affect the Indian politics as well. There are more than 22 official regional languages in India. The attitude, set of mind, likings are more or less guided and influenced by these divisions in the caste system. The competition policy of the Government of India enhances market efficiency and protects the consumer interest as well. India has a complicated and rigid bureaucratic system which poses a problem with regards to implementing new economic policies and programs. The large population also poses problems for Indias environment (Martin Kronstadt, 2007). The workforce and the manpower are available at a considerable moderate cost. The intellectual population is also abundantly available. India has a vast population in IT professionals. There is a huge population of skilled and unskilled labor (IPTU, 2011). In a developing country like India, often the companies fail to reach the scale due to the predominant government failures and market gaps as well. As a result of which the shareholders loose interest and consequently there results in the downturn of the company. The financial viability of a foreign company in the Indian market is very fragile (Pfitzer Krishnaswamy, 2007). There has been a significant liberalization of Indias trade and international investment policies. Over the last few years, India has been relaxing its import policies, thus lowering tariffs and eradicating the requirement of import licensing. India is one of the most popular democratic countries. India is a federal republic and mostly all the financial decisions rests with the prime minister and the cabinet. The trade relation between India and United States is also quite cordial (Martin Kronstadt, 2007). Management considerations The concept of globalization is very attractive and lucrative to all the companies but at times the companies underestimate and overestimate the attractiveness of foreign market which may cause them pay a heavy price in future. The two aspects of any business trade and distance always are inversely proportional to each other. It has been analyzed and studied that there is a negative impact of distance on trade (Ghemawat, 2001). The distances pertaining to any country reflects the diversity in cultural, administrative, geographic and economic aspects. The policies of the government, the size of the country which refer to the population of the country or the patriotism of the country men which inhibit the entry of any foreign country on their soil plays a major role in shaping the fate of a foreign company. Among the other factors the cross border complexity, the availability of natural resources, infrastructure, intellectual property, financial resources also poses a problem if the st rategies or the methods chosen cannot solve the added cross border complexity to initiate or sustain the cross border business (Ghemawat, 2001). The main aim of any international business strategy is to manage the difference which arises at the border of any country. According to Alexander and Korine (2008) there are three effective criteria to the challenges of globalization which reflect the viability of entering foreign markets. These relate to the question of how the company will benefit from this move, if the country has the capabilities to invest and try to expand in the foreign country and last but not the least will the benefit cover the cost incurred. Many companies have been unsuccessful in their pursuit to globalization because of impractical strategies and techniques used by them. This however does not mean that there are only negative side of globalization. Burger King needs to consider the strategic alternatives that define the success of its market expansion plans through an in-depth assessment of the Indian market. The fast food culture is popular among the younger generation and market trends reflects increased market potential. However, the competitive environment presents increased challenges to the management along with the restrictive trade environment that makes it difficult to establish operations in India. Strategic alternatives may involve alliances and partnership that enable the company to enter the markets easily. Brand presence and market penetration should be the key focus for increased market shares. Organizations operate in an increasingly competitive environment today and that makes it essential for management to consider strategic options for growth and development. The strategic alternatives for growth and expansion are however, much influenced by the firms performance in domestic markets and its core competencies that define its competitive advantage in the defined industry sector (Stonehouse Campbell, 2004). While the domestic environment forces regulate the success of firms in capturing markets, the performance of firms is to a large extent influenced by managerial capabilities to harness existing potentials and resources to gain competitive advantage (Henry, 2011). The global markets have assumed new significance in terms of value addition and marketing efforts that involve product differentiation and standardization approach. Every product market like the computers, fast foods have their presence in the global market and thus have foreign competitors. Governments have also played an immense role by lifting the trade barrier, the growth and the demand in the domestic market is also contributing to the expansion and opening the door of one country to invite other countries (Hamel, Doz Prahalad, 1989). Employee considerations All the countries across the world reflect different mental set up of the people, diverse attitudes, and numerous rules and regulations supported by the government that result in different type of barriers in the form of cultural, social and economic differences. For any company to be able to establish itself in that country requires difference in approaches as well as solution of the management problems. India is rich in culture and is marked by diversified cultural, social, economic and geographical differences. Owing to the cultural differences the consumers preferences are also very different. The cultural attributes also decides how people interact with one another and their reaction to a company especially to the one which is not local (Alexander Korine, 2008). People management plays an important role in defining organizational strengths and capability to handle management challenges. While India provides an extensive source of labor, the employment laws of the country are conservative. Labor management in the country requires efficient management techniques. India has a huge proportion of population whose income can be considered as low as per the international standards. As a result, the tenacity of spending money, living and using the product also differs as per the international standards. The human resource can be a considerable boon for any foreign country as the cost of the labor is cheap and the intellectual population can also be utilized and nurtured. The different religious beliefs, races, social norms and practices bring differences among countries. The social structure gives rise to the difference in the buying capacity of people (Prahalad Hamel, 2001). Any company, who is trying to enter the market where the local companies are already in existence, must adopt a reasonable and affordable pricing structure for their products. Conclusion There are some benefits of global strategy which are cost reductions, the quality of products and their various programs and last but not the least there is an increase in the competitive edge. For example, the Japanese success in the automobile is the global focus. The potential benefit from the virtue of globalization can be derived from the fact that many countries offer low labour costs, thus by outsourcing the profit margin can also be kept at a considerable low rate (Yip, 1989). The concept of globalization still holds true as now a days the government has somewhat relaxed its internal tariffs, so the imports, exports and the trade has also become much smoother. Through the virtue of globalization, a continuous flow of learning, better staff accumulation and gaining knowledge in the specified areas and last but not the least it contributes to the increase in the profit margin (Aswathappa, 2010). Recommendations Burger King must focus its strengths on gaining industry leadership through adaptation to new product segments and tapping market needs to improve market penetration in the domestic markets. The operating environment in which firms exist are prone to rapid changes marked by shifting trends and emerging ideas that guide market behaviour and consumer needs (Johnson, Scholls Whittington, 2011). Firms in order to adapt to emerging trends have to adopt new strategic approaches that can help them retain market shares and explore new market opportunities. This kind of strategic approach is referred to as strategic fit that implies the change of internal strategic capabilities to better fit such opportunities (Johnson et al., 2010). Firms in their pursuit of international growth and expansion must re-define their existing strategies to accommodate the needs and demands of the new market region. Initial hiccups are inevitable since differences in cultural, political and economic environment play an important role in defining market behaviour. The effectiveness of strategic approaches lies in their ability to research and understand these differences (Hamel Prahalad, 1996). Joint ventures and alliances with local partners can help in easing these initial challenges and enter the new markets with improved confidence (Jadhav, 2007).

Animal Farm 7 essays

Animal Farm 7 essays A literary work that has greatly influenced my life would be the work of George Orwells Animal Farm. Orwell once classified the book as a fairy story but it is to many other things to be simply classified so casually. It has been described as a fable, a political analysis, an allegorical lesson, but more importantly a satire on humane folly. Derived from his actual experiences with Soviet communism, Animal Farm delivers a strong message about the effects of power and superiority on the human conscience that can be applied not only to the status quo of Orwells time, but it serves as an astoundingly accurate depiction of many events over the course of history. For example it is a common Marxist theory that the ruling class would be overthrown by a lower class which would in turn become the new ruling class. The new ruling class would eventually be overthrown by the newly formed lower class, and so on. This a perfect example of what Orwell demonstrated in Animal Farm. He reminds us that it is easy forget to be compassionate when you shift from the oppressed to the oppressor because of the deceptiveness of power. One could even go as far as to apply this situation to the American Revolution. Once freed from tyranny of Britain, many of the states wasted no time in abusing there power with taxes and laws. More importantly, however, was the mistreatment of minorities. Slaves, Native Americans, and women were oppressed under under the statement that all men are created equal.. And even today you find the struggle for dominance: one party so convinced that their principles are better for the country than another. You cannot possibly have the best interest of the country in mind when you generalize the opinion of every citizen in the country or are naive enough to believe that you know how to run the lives of the people better than the people do. When representatives of the people become representative...

A Cray SuperComputer Comes to the University of To Essays

A Cray SuperComputer Comes to the University of Toronto By Andrew Reeves-Hall The Cray X-MP/22 manufactured by Cray Research Incorporated (CRI) of Minneapolis, Minnesota was delivered and installed at the U of Toronto this September. The Cray is a well respected computer - mainly for its extremely fast rate of mathematical floating-pointcalculation. As the university states in its July/August computer magazine "ComputerNews", the Cray's "level of performance should enable researchers with large computational requirements at the university of Toronto and other Ontario universities to compete effectively against the best in the world in their respective fields." The Cray X-MP/22 has two Central Processing Units (CPUs) - the first '2' in the '22'. The Cray operates at a clock rate of 105 MHz (the regular, run-of-the-mill IBMPC has a clock rate of 4.77 MHz). By quick calculations, you would be led to believe the Cray is only about 20 times faster that the PC. Obviously, this is not the case. The Cray handles data considerably differently than the PC. The Cray's circuits permit an array of data (known as a 'vector') to be processes as a SINGLE entity. So, where the IBMPC may require several clock cycles to multiply two numbers, the Cray performs everything in one clock cycle. This power is measured in Millions of Floating Point Operations Per Second (MFLOPS) - which is to say the rate at which floating-point operations can be performed. The Cray MFLOPS vary as it does many activities, but a rate of up to 210 MFLOPS (per CPU) can be achieved. The second '2' in the X-MP/22 title refers to the two million 64-bit words (16Mb) of shared central memory. This can be expanded to four million words in the future if the need arises. But it doesn't stop there! The Cray can pipe information back and forth between the CPU memory and the Input/Output Subsystem (IOS). The IOS then takes it upon itself the store the information in any of the four storage devices: i) one of the four 1200 Mb disk drives (at a rate of 5.9Mb every second), ii) one of two standard 200ips 6250bpi tape drives, iii) a Solid State Storage Device (SSD) (which is much like a 128Mb RAM Disk!), or iv) through to a front-end computer (the U of T uses both the IBM4381 and a DEC VAX). These computers would be programmed (usually in FORTRAN) and the information passed onto the Cray. The results would then be transfered back to the front end computers. The 4 year old Cray was bought used from the California NASA research centre where it was used in aerodynamic calculations. This means less cost to buy it and the assurance that it has been 'burned in'. In case you wanted one for yourself, the U of T was able to purchase the Cray for the low-low price of $12 million. Over the next five years, the University predicts the total cost will probably be $25 million when maintenance, staff and other costs are taken into consideration. To help out, the Ontario Government put in $10 million. By doing this, all other Ontario University researchers are assured of access at a reduced cost. By the way, to buy time on the system, it'll cost you $2000 per hour. But Ontario researchers only have to pay 7% of that - $140 per hour. Their first commercial customer is OMNIBUS Graphics of Toronto who plan to use the Cray in the graphic videos. If you saw the movie 'The Last Starfighter', you will have already experienced the graphic capabilites of the Cray (remember the some of the space scenes!). The Cray did all of the calculations required for those scenes and let another graphics computer to do the menial task of drawing the lines and filling with the calculated colour. There is so much to talk about when the word 'Cray' pops to mind! If you are seriously interested in this amazing computer and/or you are interested in purchasing time on the system, please contact the people below: The Centre for Large Scale Computation at the U of T Llyod Parker, Director 978-8255 Facilities Manager Dr. Edmund West 978-4085 Supercomputer User's Group (for University Researchers, etc)

Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Writing - Essay Example for this form of unemployment could be due to contraction of too many workers who have skills that are not in high demand within the market and lack the skills that are highly required. In simple words, Marcelle’s unemployment case occurred as a result of a mismatch in the skills of the workers versus their employer’s needs. The unemployment case is a significant problem since it tends to be largely of the long-term variety. Retaining unnecessary workers within an organization is not an easy or cheap task. Another good example of a similar case that causes structural unemployment is the UK motor vehicle production company. Over the last 20 years, the company has declined while a similar company in the Far East has doubled up its production. The situation has created structurally unemployed workers who are at times entitled to unemployment benefits. You probably qualify for the unemployment benefits if your employer lays you off your responsibilities due to lack of work. Dominic’s case can be classified as frictional unemployment. It comes as a result of him moving between different locations (Tucker 170). Apart from moving to a new location, this form of unemployment could occur when a worker loses their job before they find a new one. For this case, one must look around for a job that suits their specialization, and this could take up considerable time. During the job search period, one is considered unemployed. Some states take time to make decisions concerning the eligibility of such cases to qualify for unemployment benefits. But, most workers who voluntarily quit their job, are fired, on leave or rather suspended by their employer are subject to such benefits. Francine case is described as seasonal unemployment. For this case, unemployment is higher during certain periods and lower on other occasions (Tucker 176). It occurs during recessions, especially whenever the demand for the goods and services within an economy falls. Most companies respond to

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Reflection paper - Essay Example I assumed complete responsibility to come up to their expectations and prove myself before other students in general and those who were willing to replace me in that post in particular. As the editor of the college magazine, I was responsible to ensure that all content was free of plagiarism and was original, that the events and facts being reported were factual, to eliminate any kind of bias in the information, to structure the college magazine with respect to its content and make it organized, to make the features aesthetically appealing for the students and the readers, and keep track of the quality of the magazine as a whole with a view to improving in every successive edition. Understanding my responsibilities and taking care of all these things, I remained very conscious and mentally fully awake while editing the college magazine. One job that I loathed was the one in which I was employed by the police and was involved in different kinds of social services including working directly with the community and dealing with their complaints. This job was so loathsome because people came up to me with so petty complaints and expected me to assist them with overturning the accused parties. They did not understand much that my job was just to take notes and serve as a link between them and the police. I more served as a platform through which they could raise their concerns and have them conveyed to the police. My editing skills formally gained in the college helped me organize the work in this job too, but the main problem was the attitude of the complainants as well as the sorts of complaints they filed. For example, one man came to me and asked me to file a case against his neighbor because his cat had eaten one of his chicks, and even before the case could be filed or any legal proceedings could be made, he said t hat he would have nothing less than $30,000 as a compensation for this loss. Similarly, every single

Evidence based practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence based practice - Assignment Example Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(3), 436-443. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2234-y Teams of 3-4 members made site visits between 2008 and 2009 where they conducted interviews. They came from diverse backgrounds. Before the interviews, the researchers went through training on how to carry out the interviews. The interviews followed a standard interview guide. The researchers audio-recorded the interviews and later transcribed the audio recordings. After the interviews, there were debrief sessions involving a psychologist. Data analysis was in two stages. The first stage employed the constant comparative method, which involved coding teams of six members. Each member reviewed transcripts independently and then they later compared their results before coming to a consensus. The second stage involved teams of three members. They used a focused analysis to reanalyze the data. There were ten main codes and eighteen sub-codes. Through the constant comparative method, the researchers analyzed thematic differences between hospitals depending on their performance. They used the ATLAS.TI Scientific Software, version 6.2 to analyze the codes they developed. The study was an exploratory type and therefore it was not possible to generalize the findings. Lower-performing hospitals also lack the ability to organize for PCP follow-up. There was also a risk that the participants may have made misrepresentations during the interviews. The authors concluded that the findings of the study conform to their previous theories about the improvement of the care for patients with AMI. Efficient communication and coordination across different fields is the key to the achievement of high quality discharge. The survival of patients after AMI may be dependent on specific discharge planning processes. The results of the research would be of great benefit especially in the provision of comprehensive discharge care. The research identifies

Service-dominant logic and customer satisfaction Term Paper

Service-dominant logic and customer satisfaction - Term Paper Example On the other hand, creation of value actualization is a vital role taken by the customers, and this may require contacting suppliers through their own individual ways. Nevertheless, numerous dimensions can be applied to approach through which new logic and value; in fact, there are critical issues rose relating to services-dominant (Achrol & Kotler, 2006, 320). Client expectations concerning value and satisfaction are based on three-concept quality with core factors for differentiating them. However, the disparities among these concepts are vague and overlapping (Bebko, 2000, 26). Expectations held by customers regard the quality of services and products encountered, which is similar to the expectations held about the entire firm, which offered the service. Moreover, there are situations that regard the expectations of individual services experienced by customers. This increase chances for them to be specific and concrete; for instance, time consumed while waiting for a receptionist, which is more of to their expectations than the entire quality of the services offered by the company. 1. Analyse and respond to the explicit expectations and implicit expectations of core clients at the start of the project front-end. Client’s expectations refer to the beliefs concerning delivery of services, which considered the standards and reference point for evaluating the performance. Customers are fond of making comparison of their perceptions concerning performance of the firms, which is evaluated through references of the point’s evaluation such as the level of quality, knowledge and their expectations (Gummesson, 2006, 239). In fact, identification of clients’ expectations is vital to the marketers and the entire company due to their critical aspect of seeking to deliver good quality service to them. On the other hand, lack of understanding of the customer services can result to a loss of customer’s business, while the competitors are gaining market share (Porter, 1985, 30). Explicit expectations of the core clients at the start of the project are based on the promises made through personal and non-personal statements concerning the services made by the company to the customer (Graf & Maas, 2008, 20). In this case, personal statements require communication through salespeople, services, or repair personnel. However, this promises become non-personal in situation when they are acquired through advertisements, brochures and other publications (Hubbert, Sehorn & Brown, 1995, 21). Therefore, logic is established through promises made concerning the exact quality of services that will be delivered in a way that manages client expectations. In this case, this guarantees that the promises made will meet the expectation of the client concerning a certain service. There are company representative, who are over-promising due to lack of knowledge regarding the necessary promise that can be made. However, confusion is caused by fail ing to consider that services are customized; thus, this lead to lack of ease in definition and repetition. In other instances, company representatives lack the knowledge concerning the nature of the final form of the service that will be delivered. Explicit services have a substantial influence on customers’ expectations based on the desires of the services and their speculations. In fact, this is due to the way these services alter customer’s desires in general based on their prediction concerning the experience

Choose a novel and write a term paper about it Essay

Choose a novel and write a term paper about it - Essay Example However, in discussing the changes occurring in developing countries, the character often has a much more difficult struggle to face as they must attempt to behave in keeping with family expectations while still attempting to secure their own personal welfare and live in accordance with the internal moral code each person develops as they age. This internal code is a unique combination of thoughts and beliefs that are the result of environment, family and individual understandings. For these characters, the struggle between the traditional way of life and the need to consider the modern or developed way of life is profound. In the novel Paradise of the Blind, author Duong Thu Huong explores the development of a Vietnamese girl’s formation of identity and self-realization as she grows up in the traditional countryside and social progression as she moves into the future and embraces modern ideals. Paradise of the Blind traces the story of Hang, a young Vietnamese girl who must make a choice between honoring the expectations of her complicated family or giving that family the only chance at escape it will have even though it would mean turning her back on these same expectations. The story begins with Hang receiving a telegram from her uncle telling her that he’s very sick and needs her to come to him immediately. He is staying at a place in Moscow, Russia while she works at a textile factory somewhere else in Russia. The name of this place is never given, but the description of the train journey indicates it is a long way away as it takes Hang at least a day and a half to travel the distance. As she rides the train, she remembers her life story from the time she was very small up to the incident that forced her to quit college and take the job in Russia. The flashback story she tells is a tragedy as she remembers the poor home she and her

Evidence based practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence based practice - Assignment Example Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(3), 436-443. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2234-y Teams of 3-4 members made site visits between 2008 and 2009 where they conducted interviews. They came from diverse backgrounds. Before the interviews, the researchers went through training on how to carry out the interviews. The interviews followed a standard interview guide. The researchers audio-recorded the interviews and later transcribed the audio recordings. After the interviews, there were debrief sessions involving a psychologist. Data analysis was in two stages. The first stage employed the constant comparative method, which involved coding teams of six members. Each member reviewed transcripts independently and then they later compared their results before coming to a consensus. The second stage involved teams of three members. They used a focused analysis to reanalyze the data. There were ten main codes and eighteen sub-codes. Through the constant comparative method, the researchers analyzed thematic differences between hospitals depending on their performance. They used the ATLAS.TI Scientific Software, version 6.2 to analyze the codes they developed. The study was an exploratory type and therefore it was not possible to generalize the findings. Lower-performing hospitals also lack the ability to organize for PCP follow-up. There was also a risk that the participants may have made misrepresentations during the interviews. The authors concluded that the findings of the study conform to their previous theories about the improvement of the care for patients with AMI. Efficient communication and coordination across different fields is the key to the achievement of high quality discharge. The survival of patients after AMI may be dependent on specific discharge planning processes. The results of the research would be of great benefit especially in the provision of comprehensive discharge care. The research identifies

Choose a novel and write a term paper about it Essay

Choose a novel and write a term paper about it - Essay Example However, in discussing the changes occurring in developing countries, the character often has a much more difficult struggle to face as they must attempt to behave in keeping with family expectations while still attempting to secure their own personal welfare and live in accordance with the internal moral code each person develops as they age. This internal code is a unique combination of thoughts and beliefs that are the result of environment, family and individual understandings. For these characters, the struggle between the traditional way of life and the need to consider the modern or developed way of life is profound. In the novel Paradise of the Blind, author Duong Thu Huong explores the development of a Vietnamese girl’s formation of identity and self-realization as she grows up in the traditional countryside and social progression as she moves into the future and embraces modern ideals. Paradise of the Blind traces the story of Hang, a young Vietnamese girl who must make a choice between honoring the expectations of her complicated family or giving that family the only chance at escape it will have even though it would mean turning her back on these same expectations. The story begins with Hang receiving a telegram from her uncle telling her that he’s very sick and needs her to come to him immediately. He is staying at a place in Moscow, Russia while she works at a textile factory somewhere else in Russia. The name of this place is never given, but the description of the train journey indicates it is a long way away as it takes Hang at least a day and a half to travel the distance. As she rides the train, she remembers her life story from the time she was very small up to the incident that forced her to quit college and take the job in Russia. The flashback story she tells is a tragedy as she remembers the poor home she and her